Coca Cola was
invented in Columbus, Georgia, USA, by John Pemberton originally as Cocawine, a
combination of wine and cocaine called Pemberton's French Wine Coke. At first,
it was sold as a headache remedy for five cents a glass in the soda machines
that were becoming popular in the US at the time.
After the prohibition
of alcohol in Georgia in 1886, the wine in the recipe was replaced with
non-alcoholic syrup. The first sales were made on May 8, 1886 at Jacob's
Pharmacy in Atlanta, and for the first eight months only nine glasses were sold
on average per day. The soda also became popular due to the fact that at the
time in the United States it was believed that sodas drinks are very useful for
health.
Believing that two
"C's" would look better in advertisements, Frank M. Robinson, Dr.
Pemberton's partner and accountant, suggested the name Coca-Cola (Coca-Cola)
and created the brand's signature typeface.
Coca-Cola's first
newspaper advertisement appeared in the Atlanta Journal newspaper—inviting
citizens to try "the new and popular soda." Oil-painted posters with
the words Coca-Cola appeared on shop windows. However, Dr. Pemberton did not
realize the potential of the drink and began selling parts of his company to
other partners. Shortly before his death in 1888, he sold all that remained of
the company to Asa Griggs Candler of Atlanta, a man of great commercial acumen.
Candler continued to buy the remaining shares until he acquired 100% of the
company.
On May 1, 1889, Isa
Candler published a full-page announcement in the Atlanta Journal that she was
"the sole owner of Coca-Cola. Delicious, refreshing. Invigorating.
Tonic." The property that Isa Griggs Candler actually acquired in 1891
cost him exactly $2,300.
By 1892, Candler's
flair for advertising had increased sales of Coca-Cola syrup nearly tenfold.
Soon he closed his pharmaceutical company and devoted himself entirely to the
soft drink. Along with his brother John S. Candler, Dr. Pembleton's former
partner, Frank Robbins, and two other new partners Candler founded the
Coca-Cola Company in the state of Georgia. The initial capital of the company
was $100,000. The trademark "Coca-Cola" used from 1886, was
registered in the "US Patent Office" on January 31, 1893.
In the same year, the
first dividends were paid — 20 dollars per share, which amounts to 20% of the
nominal value of the share. Since then, dividends have been paid to
shareholders every year. A believer in advertising, Candler continued what
Pembleton had done in the field of marketing by distributing hundreds of
coupons for free Coke. He aggressively promoted the drink by sending out
souvenir fans, calendars, clocks, with the company's symbol.
The company continued
to grow, and in 1894, the first syrup factory outside of Atlanta was built in
the city of Dallas, Texas. The following year, plants were also opened in
Chicago, Illinois and in Los Angeles, California. In 1895, three years after
the company was founded, Candler announced that Coca-Cola would be drunk in
every state and throughout the United States.
Coca-Cola began to be
sold in bottles on March 12, 1894, and the first cans appeared in 1955. Candler
was hesitant to bottle the drink, but the three entrepreneurs (J.S. Mayfield,
A.O. Murphy and E.H. Bloodworth) who propose the idea are so insistent that he
signs a contract ceding control of the process to them. The unclear contract
became a problem for the company in the following decades. Things are further
complicated by the bottling company's decision to subcontract.
Start of worldwide
distribution begins. For the first time a Coca-Cola drink left the United
States in 1900, when Candler's eldest son, Charles Howard Candler, took a
bottle of the syrup with him when he left for England. A little later in
Atlanta they received an order for five gallons of syrup, which was also the
first quantity exported.
After a few years,
the first overseas plants were built in Cuba, Panama, the Philippines, Puerto
Rico and Guam. In 1920, the first company in Europe started operating in
France. In 1926, Robert Woodruff firmly directed the company's activities
towards international expansion by creating an international department. In
1930, this department grew into a separate company called the "Coca-Cola
Export Corporation", an action that was a natural process of the increase
in the countries where the drink was produced, and they increased fourfold.
An important step in increased sales was the partnership
concluded in 1928 with the organizers of the Olympic Games.
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